Definition of reactive power compensation
Reactive power compensation is a technical means in the power system to improve the quality of power grid and reduce losses by adjusting the distribution and balance of reactive power. Its core goal is to counteract the reactive power flow caused by inductive or capacitive loads, so that the system power factor approaches 1 (ideal state), thereby improving the efficiency of power transmission.
Core points
The essence of reactive power:
Generated by the phase difference between voltage and current in AC circuits (such as current hysteresis caused by inductive loads such as motors and transformers), it does not directly perform work but occupies the capacity of the power grid, increasing line losses.
Compensation principle:
Inductive loads require parallel capacitors (providing capacitive reactive power) to offset the lagging reactive current;
Capacitive loads (such as long cables and photovoltaic inverters) require reactor compensation to avoid voltage rise.
Core equipment:
Static compensation: power capacitors and reactors (low-cost, suitable for steady-state loads);
Dynamic compensation: SVG (Static Var Generator), STATCOM (Fast Response, Suitable for Fluctuated Scenarios).
Function value:
Reduce losses: Reduce reactive current transmission between lines and transformers, resulting in a 5% to 20% decrease in line losses;
Stable voltage: Suppress voltage drops or surges caused by reactive power fluctuations;
Economy: Avoid fines on electricity bills due to power factor non-compliance (adjusting electricity bills).
Typical scenario
Industrial users: Electric motor clusters require centralized compensation;
New energy power station: SVG stabilizes reactive power fluctuations at the grid connection point;
Commercial buildings: group compensation for the inductive load of lighting and air conditioning systems.